Case Study Cendant Corporation, One Of The Worlds...

Cendant Corporation, one of the world’s largest hotel and real estate franchises was known as the largest accounting fraud before Enron. Cendant Corporation was created in 1997 when Hospitality Franchise Systems (HFS), Inc. merged with Comp-U-Card international (CUC). Chairman Walter Forbes and Vice-chairman Kirk Shelton were the perpetrators to a decade long accounting and securities fraud. The day after Cendant exposed evidence of accounting irregularities the corporations stock and convertible bonds lost nearly $14 Billion (Morgenson, 2004). This paper will address the issues that went wrong with Cendant and how the crimes fit into to Friedrichs’ typologies. It all started with Walter Forbes when he created a company in the 1970’s known as Comp-U-Card (CUC), an online shopping delivery service. Since the Internet and online shopping was so new, Forbes was worried he wouldn’t get a return on his investment. It wasn’t until the early 1980’s when CUC started taking off. In the early 1990’s after preparing a report on CUC, Robert L Renck Jr., a securities analyst on Wall Street advised investors to sell their CUC stock. Renck was shocked at the company’s profitability and the gaps in the reports CUC gave to its shareholders (Henriques, 1998). The company responded by blackmailing Renck from future meetings and taking him off their mailing list. In 1997 CUC and HSF merged to form what is now referred to as Cendant, which included brands such as Coldwell Banker, Ramada,Show MoreRelatedExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pages 22/10/2007 11:54 Page 597 CASE STUDIES ECS8C_C01.qxd 22/10/2007 11:54 Page 598 ECS8C_C01.qxd 22/10/2007 11:54 Page 599 Guide to using the case studies The main text of this book includes 87 short illustrations and 15 case examples which have been chosen to enlarge speciï ¬ c issues in the text and/or provide practical examples of how business and public sector organisations are managing strategic issues. The case studies which follow allow the reader to extendRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pagesendeavour. But personal though his achievements may be, they are also reflective of a wider tradition of significant involvement in the practical sphere by senior British accounting academics. For we must remember that it was Professor Edward Stamp who was one of the first to call the British audit profession to account with his questioning of ‘who shall audit the auditors?’ The subsequent institutional response has most likely gained as much from the likes of Professors Harold Edey, Bryan Carsberg, Ken Peasnell

Minimum Wage And The National Industrial Recovery Act

Minimum wage controversies abound across the nation daily. A recent New York Times article headline stated â€Å"Fast-Food Restaurants Should Raise Minimum Wage, New York Panel Says† . An article posted online in the Waco Tribune on 22 July 2015, says â€Å"Sanders proposes $15 minimum wage, sets up Clinton contrast.† National Elections in 2016 will likely have minimum wage issues as a hot topic as well. We have not always had a minimum wage, but most people are not aware of that fact. To understand the minimum wage controversies you need to know the history of minimum wage. Minimum wage began in the 1930’s as one of Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal Policies. In the 80 plus years since the implementation of his New Deal Policies, historians have reviewed and reassessed the impacts of these programs. The National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) signed on 16 June, 1933 was a program of the New Deal that would cover multiple issues. Franklin D. Roosevelt said in his statement introducing the NIRA, History probably will record the National Industrial Recovery Act as the most important and far-reaching legislation ever enacted by the American Congress†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Big words for a big act in Roosevelt’s New Deal. NIRA was the brainchild of President Roosevelt and his â€Å"brain trust† . Roosevelt and his advisor, Sam Rosenman, a Columbia Law School graduate, and Basil O’Connor, FDR’s law partner and a Harvard Law School Graduate, put the brain trust together. The first person, after RosenmanShow MoreRelated The Great Depression and Franklin D. Roosevelts New Deal Essay858 Words   |  4 Pagesin its severity and its consequences. At the depth of the depression, in 1933, one American worker in every four was out of a job. The great industrial slump continued throughout the 1930s, shaking the foundations of Western capitalism. The New Deal describes the program of US president Franklin D. Roosevelt from 1933 to 1939 of relief, recovery, and reform. These new policies aimed to solve the economic problems created by the depression of the 1930s. When Roosevelt was nominated, heRead MoreFranklin D. Roosevelts National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)1131 Words   |  5 Pagesof economic programs that were made and proposed from 1933 up to 1936. The goals of the package were to give relief to farmers, reform to business and finance, and recovery to the economy during the Great Depression. Among many other new acts to help give recovery to the economy, the NIRA was born. The National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) was created by Roosevelt to see to the needs of industry, trade unions, and even the consumer, promoting cooperation among corporations while also establishingRead MoreThe National Industrial Recovery Act1061 Words   |  5 PagesNational Industrial Recovery Act. Gale Encyclopedia of U.S. Economic History. Ed. Thomas Carson and Mary Bonk. Detroit: Gale, 1999. Student Resources in Context. Web. 16 Mar. 2016. Gale Encyclopedia of U.S Economic History over the past 17 years has been covering the story of the National Industrial Recovery Act. The Book National Industrial Recovery Act talks about President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s initial New Deal Programs, National Industrial Recovery Act was the centerpiece of his programsRead MoreFDR’s Alphabet Soup1158 Words   |  5 Pages1933, job recovery was still a major part of ending the Great Depression. The National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) and the National Recovery Administration (NRA) was the largest piece of industrial recovery and regulations during the time period. FDR stated, â€Å"Its object is to put industry and business workers into employment and increase their purchasing power through increased wages.† It did abundantly more than that. It also ended child labor, sweat shops, and lowered weekly wages in the miningRead MoreFair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (FLSA)758 Words   |  3 Pagesadvanced and laws wer e enacted to put into place fair employment for those in the workforce. In 1938, congress would pass and President Roosevelt would sign the Wages and Hours Bill, more commonly known as the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (FLSA). This federal statute introduced a 44 hour, seven day work week, established the national minimum wage, guaranteed overtime pay in specific types of jobs at a rate of â€Å"time and a half†, and it defines oppressive child labor, which prohibits most employment ofRead MoreDealing with the Class Gap During the Progressive Era830 Words   |  3 Pagesthe working class citizens made up a large sector that had an impact. In order for the working class to have their voice heard, the labor union movement gained traction and political initiatives such as minimum wages, new jobs, social security, and reform acts such as the National Labor Relations Act were formed by the mid 1900s. The Progressive Era introduced solutions for the working class, seeing that t he ideology of Progressive advocates was that there should be governmental assistance in any socioeconomicRead MoreTaking Sides : Clashing Views Of United States History By Madaras, Larry And James Sorelle973 Words   |  4 PagesDomestic Product of America. Burton argues that during the era, FDR supported both the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) and the Agricultural Adjustment Act, which were not friendly to the country’s economy (Madaras and James 228). Burton contends that both acts made the commodity prices to be high for they discouraged competition while encouraged increased production. FDR further increased the minimum wages, which highly affected the minorities, and ended up having a negative impact on the economyRead MoreHistory of the Flsa Essay982 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Fair Labor Standards Act Abstract After the great depression, unions were legalized in order to be the voice for the workers for whom they represented to their employers. Once this legalization became evident through federal statute, set the stage for what was to become the Fair Labor Standards Act. Having just survived a depression, the United States was hoping to avoid any future economic downturns, the government would accomplish this with paying higher wages that the employer couldRead MoreRaising The Federal Minimum Wage969 Words   |  4 Pages At the heart of this plan was the idea that wages must be set and fair. â€Å"No business which depends for existence on paying less than living wages to its workers has any right to continue in this country.†(Roosevelt) This plan became the Fair Labor Standards Act, which set the Federal Minimum wage. Minimum wage has increased, slowly, over the years, but has not kept up with its intended purpose. Raising the federal minimum wage to a fair living wage level will improve the lives of the working poorRead MoreGreat Depression and New Deal Study Guide1119 Words   |  5 PagesDeal Study Guide: Events Causes/Effects of the Great Depression: widespread banking failures. The banks invested people’s money in the stock market and created major losses. Goals of the New Deal- three goals: relief for the needy, economic recovery, and financial reform Causes of the Dust Bowl The Bonus Army The Crash of 1929 People Herbert Hoover- was the president at the start of the great depression. He was the republican nominee but he realized later that he had no more he could

Ethical Issues Regarding the Download of Movies and other Media

Question: Write an essay on ethical issues regarding the download of movies and other media. Answer: Introduction: - Ethical issues regarding the download of movies and other media content have raised extensive debates over whether the method called Piracy is ethical or not, besides its undecided regulation as a legislative offense. According to Jewkes Yar, (2013), the media personalities have found it analogous to stealing; while others have found it helpful on the grounds of distribution of access from multiple sources for the patrons. The essay is on the Intellectual Property ethical issue and the ethical analysis of piracy on various grounds. The scenario: - In Australia, downloading entertainment content is legal, as argued by Jon Lawrence of Electronic Frontiers Alliance and Geordie Guy because the downloader just gets a copy of the content, while the owner still has the copyrights to make duplicates and generate revenue. On the contrary, Robert Kirby labeled it as stealing, similar to leaving the bookstore without paying for the book that the visitor took and had favored the promulgation of legal oppose to it. However, downloading differs from theft because it does not completely strip the owner off his belonging. As pointed out by Attorney General George Brandis, Australia lacks legislation against "illegal" piracy, unlike many advanced nations. The case of piracy, raising various opinions and labeling, is a matter of Intellectual Property issue in ICT ethics (Life, News, crime, 2014). As discussed by Cornish, et al., (2013), Intellectual property refers to ones right to his brilliance. But, in the era of extensive ICT implementation, the control over intellectual property is loose bound and must be hardened for financial gains. The intellectual property lies on four domains, which are Patent, Copyright, Trademark, and Trade Secret. Patents: - They are the strongest of security, granted legally for the creation acquisition and trading of the property, for a long span. However, they have disadvantages like long expenses, technical complexity and widespread detailing for marketing (Merges et al., 2012). Copyright: - It is easy to obtain, and its infringement is illegal. As it protects the rights of speech and media, it is implemented for writings and music or theater industry (Merges et al., 2012). Trademark: - Trademark speaks for a product and makes it unique. Infringement of trademark results in legal suing and compensation. It prevents the counterfeit or replication of a product. Trade secret: - The riskiest of all, it binds a products rights to its owner, but if revealed, it can cause a huge loss. Reverse engineering replicates any and every product but not those with trade secrets (Merges et al., 2012). Intellectual property in classified as industrial products, which use the trademark, trade secrets, and patents and on the other hand, the music related and film or theater works, those have copyrights (Merges et al., 2012). The stakeholders: - The stakeholders in illegal download and piracy are discussed in the table below. Serial number Stakeholders Functions 1 Cybersquatters and framing They usurp the domain credentials of other domains mainly the domain name to extort revenues from the authorized website. Framing is the reproduction of the contents of another website. 2 The websites to download pirated content They carry either the pirated content or the links to the content without the copyright or censorship agreements 3 Stealth filmers They secretly film the screened movies 4 Hackers They intrude into the networks to leak the data for reproduction 5 The owners of the content, The production ownership right holders and the content distributors They get victimized and almost stripped of their revenue indirectly 6 The authorized channels and websites Though they hold copyright laws and streaming rights, they fail to remain the only source for the content 7 The common mass and the website visitors They access the unauthorized channels for gaining the content at lower subscriptions at intended time. 8 The government and the economy The government loses expected entertainment revenue and hs to undergo reforms and raised costs in Intellectual property security Table: - Stakeholders of piracy of Intellectual Property The ethical issues: - Serial number Stakeholders Actions and ethical context 1 Cybersquatters and framing Cybersquatters aim to generate higher revenue by using the reputation and success criteria of the original domain. It infringes the trademark and is unethical. Framing is also unethical on the grounds of reproduction by violating copyright regulations. 2 The websites to download pirated content The websites follow the practice of framing or carry the links to the content by breaching the copyright regulations. However, piracy is a concern of diverse ethical inferences. 3 Stealth filmers Screening of the artistry without permission is illegal and hence unethical. 4 Hackers They intrude into the networks to leak the data for reproduction Table: - Ethical issues of the actions of the stakeholders The non-ethical issues: - The nonethical issues include the contribution of the common mass and the website visitors to download the movies and content, along with the government and economy victims, which need no analysis. The consequences: - According to Fink et al., (2015), the consequences of the piracy of intellectual products are: - Reduction in the sale of new units: - The reduction in new unit's sale is mainly due to the lack of development investments for new products. Supply of new products: - The reduced sale of the new products like movies and soaps in this context, have resulted in reduced streaming of such works in separate channels. Access granted to the common patrons: - The website visitors and the patrons have access to download the media content from sources other than the streaming channel, either free or through lower subscriptions Legal debates: - Piracy has raised extensive debates among the government officials and the media personalities regarding various opinions and recommendations of fiscal penalties. Formation of laws to counter piracy: - Reformed techniques like keys and strongly defined digital policies other than the firm implementation of copyright are deployed. Ethical analysis: - Consequentialism theory: - Considering the utilitarianism factor in the Consequentialism theory, the piracy of the entertainment content may turn out to be cost-efficient on a large scale for the patrons, considering the fact that the Australians pay 400% for the media content. However, the cost blows to the media groups are very less as compared to the benefits gained by the patrons (Vaughn, 2015). Thus, the distribution of the complex-access content to the patrons at a lower price may defend piracy as an ethical issue. Just consequentialism theory: - In the context of this theory, the owners or the media groups and channels are not deprived of their creations and may generate reviews from the copies, and hence are not harmed in that manner. Piracy just provides a platform for multiple accesses for the patrons (Vaughn, 2015). Conclusion: - With the rise in the Information Technology field, the security of the information to be distributed has drawn widespread concerns regarding illegal sharing and downloading, commonly known as piracy. However, though not illegal, piracy has to be checked on legal grounds. But, keeping in mind the diversity in the ICT techniques in various nations, standardized laws must be introduced for fiscal penalties and prevention of intrusive cyber-crime in Intellectual Property domain. References: - Jewkes, Y., Yar, M. (Eds.). (2013).Handbook of Internet crime. Routledge. Life, D., News, D., crime, D. (2014). Downloading movies and TV is not a crime. The Sydney Morning Herald. Cornish, W., Llewelyn, G. I. D., Aplin, T. (2013). Intellectual property: patents, copyright, trade marks allied rights. Merges, R. P., Menell, P. S., Lemley, M. A. (2012). Intellectual property in the new technological age. Sell, S. K. (2013). Revenge of the Nerds: Collective action against intellectual property maximalism in the global information age.International Studies Review,15(1), 67-85. Laplume, A. O., Pathak, S., Xavier-Oliveira, E. (2014). The politics of intellectual property rights regimes: An empirical study of new technology use in entrepreneurship.Technovation,34(12), 807-816. Fink, C., Maskus, K. E., Qian, Y. (2015). The Economic Effects of Counterfeiting and Piracy: A Review and Implications for Developing Countries.The World Bank Research Observer, lkv010. Vaughn, L. (2015).Doing ethics: Moral reasoning and contemporary issues. WW Norton Company.

Well talking about the living status behind those Essays

Well talking about the living status behind those refugee people of Tibetan were quite unusual to look for , but somehow they manage to lived by certain life of tortured. Though their perspective plays an important role in most living beings , such as their ability that inspire exile countries , also their middle way campaign lead by his holiness the 14 dalai lama, the spiritual leader of Tibet. Yet there laid an agony behind the emotional of those gracious people. Since Tibetan are desperate to get their freedom from the illegal Chinese government. Even many of martyr had sacrificed their divine human birth only to have a united nation , despite massive ordeal, they Initiated non-violence campaigns. But didn't achieve yet. Most of them began to abhor Chinese culture and mainly the government perspective .which are illegal and also irrational in theology. Since twenty first century certainly massive obstacle scout across them. Which was tremendous wane. yet gradually Chinese bloke them and began to ruin Tibetan traditional. If specified , Tibetan Chupa was almost alter by Chinese.. chupa had apparently became similar to skirt .so the Tibetan abjure to have a quick glimpse. They realize the essence of tradition. Certainly they endured every tortured . Though it was no longer going to bear. They have even exhaust their power of tolerating. So left with defiance against them. Even though